Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an advanced fertility treatment used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF) to address male infertility. During ICSI, a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This procedure is often used when sperm count, motility, or morphology is poor, or in cases where previous IVF attempts have failed. ICSI can also be used in cases of male infertility due to genetic issues or sperm retrieval from a testicular biopsy. The fertilized egg is then cultured and transferred to the woman's uterus, increasing the chances of pregnancy.